The interior photo of Linwood's lantern shows the ropes that opened the windows and the black square vents below each window.
Linwood. George Washington Parke Custis Peter (1801–1877) moved in 1856, bought it in 1865 and the house sold in 1877. At some point he changed the roof and added the lantern. His mother Martha Parke Custis Peter, was a granddaughter of Martha Washington (1731-1802), born in Mount Vernon and visited often. Her husband was Martha Washington's executor. Mt Vernon had a lantern. HABS HERE; blog post on Linwood HERE
B&O Railroad Station 1830/31. Oldest remaining railroad depot in America. Past blog posts HERE and past posts on B&O railroad HERE
1838 definitions and historic examples from Britton's Dictionary of Architecture.
LANTERN ...The word lantern is applied to a small turret, or cupola, with apertures, raised upon the summit of a building, for the purpose of giving light to the interior. This species of tower was frequently formed over the central part of a church, and on the roof of a hall, or kitchen. It occurs in the central towers of Durham and York Cathedrals, where it is square, and at Ely Cathedral, where it is octagonal. Over halls, we find it at Westminster, Penshurst, Crosby, and Eltham; and, over kitchens, at Durham, Glastonbury, Rabycastle, &c. When intended only to give light, the openings of the lantern were glazed; but in kitchens they were left open for the escape of smoke.
The small octagonal termination of a square tower, if pierced with windows, is also called a lantern. That of St. Botolph's Church, at Boston, in Lincolnshire, was probably intended to have been lighted up at night for a sea mark. The church of All Saints, at York, is known to have been thus illuminated in former times; and the steeple of old Bow Church, London, was provided with small lanterns for the same purpose. [Arch. Antiqs., iv. 119.]
A small turret on the summit of a cupola, and any raised portion of a roof containing vertical windows, though covered in horizontally, are still termed lanterns.
CUPOLA, from cupo, Ital., concave, profound; a vaulted roof rising above a building in a hemispherical, or hemispheroidal form. The cupolas used in different styles of architecture, and by different nations, assume many varieties both of plan and elevation. In plan they are circular, octagonal, polygonal, and square; whilst in contour, or external elevation, the semicircular, semi-elliptical, segmental, pointed, bell-shaped, conical, and bulbous forms are the chief varieties. The oldest cupola, of which we have any record, is that of the Pantheon, at Rome, built during the reign of Augustus, and is still entire: the Greeks do not appear to have produced any thing more nearly resembling a cupola, than the single concave stone which covers the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. The internal diameter of the cupola of the Pantheon is 132 feet; it is ornamented with coffers, and terminates, upwards, in an opening called the eye. The cupolas of the Sibyl's Temple, at Tivoli, and of the Temple of Bacchus, with many other Roman examples, might be referred to. The contour of the Roman cupola was never more than a semicircle; but almost all of those erected since that of Saint Sophia, Constantinople, are raised higher than the radius of their bases. Those of the Romans had rarely any opening but at the summit, and were constructed of brick; whilst modern cupolas are often perforated with numerous openings, and built of wood, covered with lead, copper, or other materials. From the Romans it was adopted by the Greek architects of Byzantium: their celebrated church of Saint Sophia has a cupola 115 feet in diameter; and so extensively, indeed, was this member used by them, that their buildings were made to appear " a vast conglomeration of globes of different sizes." [Hope's History of Architecture, p. 129.] The same mode of construction prevails in Constantinople, in the Turkish mosques of the present day. The cupola was used in the early churches of Italy to such an extent, that the name of the church (a dome) was applied as synonymous with the cupola which it so frequently exhibited.
Dictionary of the Architecture and Archaeology of the Middle Ages. John Britton. London: 1838 -
Oakland Manor Barn (Wilde Lake) built later (date unknown). 3 lanterns
Forgotten history of Ellicott City & Howard County MD
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